~/carl-michael-galang, PhD
- who
- Cognitive scientist & information systems researcher
- where
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, McMaster Digital Transformation Research Centre, DeGroote School of Business
- asks
- How do we understand other minds, human or otherwise?
- now
- Human–AI interaction with Milena Head & Khaled Hassanein
- find me
- email · cv · scholar · orcid · linkedin
28peer-reviewed papers
18as first author
2017publishing since
9in the pipeline
research 3 threads
My work asks how we understand other minds, experience control over our actions, and respond to the people and technologies around us.
empathy/ · 14 papers
How we respond to others’ experiences, including pain, and how social context shapes those responses.
e.g. Please Empathize! (2020), social power & ERPs of empathy for pain (2021)
agency-control/ · 16 papers
How we experience our own actions, coordinate with others, and come to feel in control, individually and together.
e.g. Sense of agency during group control (2025), Anticipated imitation of multiple agents (2024)
human-ai/ · 3 papers
How AI use affects cognition, how we mentally represent AI as social agents, and how human–AI interaction can be improved.
e.g. The face of ChatGPT (preprint), Multimodal LLMs encode implicit gender bias (under review)
methods: EEG · TMS · psychophysiology · behavioural experiments · quantitative modelling
papers google scholar ↗
$ grep
preprints not yet peer reviewed
-
2026
The face of ChatGPT: Using reverse correlation to reveal mental representations of AI.Galang, C.M., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Obhi, S.S.PsyArXiv / OSF preprint#human-aiopen preprint ↗
-
2026
When the clock lies: Intention reports can be biased by authoritative suggestion.Dominik, T., Shum, Y.H., Galang, C.M., & Brass, M.PsyArXiv / OSF preprint#agency-controlopen preprint ↗
-
2019
Introducing a Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training (FORRT).Azevedo, F., Parsons, S., Micheli, L., Strand, J., Rinke, E., …, Galang, C.M., … & FORRTPsyArXiv / OSF preprint#metascienceopen preprint ↗
no matches
under review in peer review
-
2026
The Sense of Agency During Collective Rule-Breaking.Nisanci, S., Formica, S., Brass, M., & Galang, C.M.Under Review at Cognition#agency-controlopen preprint ↗
-
2026
Multimodal Large Language Models Encode Implicit Gender Bias.Nisanci, S., Bou Saba, S., Galang, C.M., & Brass, M.Under Review at PNAS#human-aiopen preprint ↗
no matches
published peer reviewed
2026 (4)
-
2026
Social Exclusion Does Not Affect Interval Estimation of Action-Outcome Events.Galang, C.M., Biswas, M., Luk, M., & Brass, M.Consciousness and Cognition, 144, 104116.
-
2026
The intentional stance does not modulate the automatic imitation bias against robots.Galang, C.M., Hassanein, K., & Head, M.Acta Psychologica, 107366.
-
2026
Us and Them: Anticipated Imitation Between Groups.Marschner, M., Galang, C.M., & Brass, M.Acta Psychologica, 267, 107058.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2026
Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Clelland, H. T., Kovacs, M., Schulz-Kümpel, H., Holzmeister, F., … , Galang, C.M., … & Nosek, B. A.Nature, 652, 135-142.#metascienceopen paper ↗
2025 (5)
-
2025
Sense of Agency during Group Control.Galang, C.M., Cracco, E., Chirkov, V., Obhi, S.S., & Brass, M.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154(12), 3392-3404.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2025
Motor preparation during pain observation does not influence event-related Mu/Beta desynchronization.Galang, C.M., Jenkins, M., Sanders, T., Vijh, R., & Obhi, S.S.Cortex, 193, 160-170.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2025
Moderate Manipulation to Somatosensory Feedback Does Not Affect Libet-style Intentional Action.Shum, Y.H., Galang, C.M., & Brass, M.Psychological Research, 89(140), 1-13.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2025
Preliminary evidence for a selective agency-boosting effect of psychosocial stress.Edwards, S., Galang, C.M., Fung, K., Knight, A., & Obhi, S.S.Consciousness and Cognition, 131, 103872.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2025
Temporal binding during deliberate rule breaking.Galang, C.M., Akan, A., Pfister, R., & Brass, M.Consciousness and Cognition, 130, 103851.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
+ 19 earlier (2017–2024)
2024 (3)
-
2024
Using a Veto Paradigm to Investigate the Decision Models in Explaining Libet-style Experiments.Shum, Y.H., Galang, C.M., & Brass, M.Consciousness and Cognition, 124, 103732.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2024
Anticipated imitation of multiple agents.Galang, C.M., Cracco, E., & Brass, M.Cognition, 249, 105831.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2024
Defining key concepts for mental state attribution.Quesque, F., Apperly, I, Baillargeon, R., [...], Galang, C.M., [...], & Brass, M.Communications Psychology, 2(29), 1-5.#empathyopen paper ↗
2022 (3)
-
2022
Empathic pain observation does not influence automatic imitation in an online setting.Galang, C.M. & Obhi, S.S.Experimental Brain Research, 241, 263-276.
-
2022
The Sense of Agency for Brain Disorders: A Comprehensive Review and Proposed Framework.Malik, R., Galang, C.M., & Finger, E.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 139, 104759.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
-
2022
Cognitive Science in a Nutshell.Mekik, C.S. & Galang, C.M.Cognitive Science, 46, e13179.#otheropen paper ↗
2021 (6)
-
2021
Blatant Dehumanization is Not Influenced by Dual Identity Labels: Evidence from the Canadian Context.Galang, C.M., Ku, M., & Obhi, S.S.International Journal of Psychological Studies, 13(4), 62-74.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2021
Studying Sense of Agency Online: Testing the robustness of the intentional binding effect using an online sample.Galang, C.M., Malik, R., Kinley, I., & Obhi, S.S.Consciousness and Cognition, 95, 103217.
-
2021
Exploring the relationship between social power and the ERP components of empathy for pain.Galang, C.M., Jenkins, M., Fahim, G., & Obhi, S.S.Social Neuroscience, 16, 174-188.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2021
Investigating the effects of pain observation on approach and withdrawal actions.Galang, C.M., Pichtikova, M., Sanders, T., & Obhi, S.S.Experimental Brain Research, 239, 847-856.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2021
To Move or Not to Move: Motor cortical output is enhanced during pain observation regardless of motor preparation state.Galang, C.M. & Obhi, S.S.Journal of Neurophysiology, 125, 599-605.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2021
Exploring the Relationship Between Empathy, Self-Construal Style, and Self-Reported Social Distancing Tendencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Galang, C.M., Johnson, D., & Obhi, S.S.Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 588934.#empathyopen paper ↗
2020 (3)
-
2020
Automatic imitation does not predict levels of generosity during a modified dictator game.Galang, C.M. & Obhi, S.S.Acta Psychologica, 204, 103022.
-
2020
Exploring the Effects of Visual Perspective on the ERP Components of Empathy for Pain.Galang, C.M., Jenkins, M., & Obhi, S.S.Social Neuroscience, 15(2), 186-198.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2020
Please Empathize! Instructions to empathize strengthen response facilitation after pain observation.Galang, C.M. & Obhi, S.S.Cognition and Emotion, 34(2), 316-328.#empathyopen paper ↗
2019 (1)
-
2019
Social Power and Frontal Alpha Asymmetry.Galang, C.M. & Obhi, S.S.Cognitive Neuroscience, 10(1), 44-56.#empathyopen paper ↗
2018 (1)
-
2018
The effect of scrambling upright and inverted faces on the N170.Civile, C., Elchlepp, H., McLaren, R., Galang, C.M., Lavric, A., & McLaren, I.P.L.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(11), 2464-2476.#otheropen paper ↗
2017 (2)
-
2017
Observing painful events in others leads to a temporally extended general response facilitation in the self.Galang, C.M., Naish, K.R., Arbabi, K., & Obhi, S.S.Experimental Brain Research, 235(11), 3469-3477.#empathyopen paper ↗
-
2017
Effects of intentional movement preparation on response times to symbolic and imitative cues.Naish, K.R., Rajagobal, A., Galang, C.M., Sartori, L., & Obhi, S.S.Experimental Brain Research, 235(3), 753-61.#agency-controlopen paper ↗
no matches
in prep 4 projects
-
wip
Development and validation of the Epistemic Stance Test for generative AI (EST-GenAI).Galang, C.M., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Mekik, S.C.#human-ai
-
wip
Intentional Binding & the Sense of Agency.Galang, C.M., Malik, R., Obhi, S.S., & Brass, M.#agency-control
-
wip
Stimulating Your Voluntariness: What Can Brain Stimulation Studies Tell Us about Intention and Voluntary Behaviors?Shum, Y.H., Galang, C.M., & Brass, M.#agency-control
-
wip
Gender Cues Influence Attribution of Cause and Effect.Saba, S., Galang, C.M., & Brass#other
no matches
contact
- galangc@mcmaster.ca
- office
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
- profiles
- Google Scholar · ORCID · LinkedIn · CV
- write for
- research questions, related materials, or a conversation about the work